A standard battery is 1.5V, be it AAA, AA, C, D, etc. Dash lights are 12V but will light with much less. They'll just be dim, that's all.
However, if you're going to test the gauges themselves you will want to use only 3 batteries since other than the ammeter, tach, and speedo ALL classic Mopar gauges operate on 5V. 4.5V is enough if you're testing them individually; if you're running through the original connections on the cluster you'll want 12V because of the regulator.
It isn't that hard to convert a PC power supply to provide both a 12V and 5V output--that's what they do, but to use them as a power supply modifications are required. Simply hooking one to your cluster won't do a damned thing... there's not enough draw to keep it switched. Audio amplifier "dummy loads", used for testing, are great for keeping them on but you lose a bunch of wattage in the process. My best luck has been with specialized resistors.